Make no mistake the best weapon to overcome a period of crisis is having a good product or a great innovation.
Having said that, in today’s post I will talk about how a period of crisis can affect consumer behaviour, and present some commonly used initiatives that marketers can put in place to counteract it.
The first thing we need to take into account regarding consumer behaviour is that consumption habits will change, and it will be your task to understand how and why.
Let’s take for instance FOOD consumption as an example.
An average person makes over 250 food decisions each day. Reactions can start with a simple revision of the basket structure (for instance by reducing on non essential products), to more complex conducts, like for instance searching for cheaper ways to eat and shop (e.g. buying fruits/vegetables, meat/fish at markets). Situation can even get truly crude with consumers completely refusing non essential products or switching to the cheaper brands and Private Labels.
In this context, product quality will be under special attention. This is related to consumers’ fears about possible decrease of product quality, as companies will try to maintain their profitability levels. The consumer waits not for “new” quality but for guaranteed quality.
Packaging and formats will also be an important driver to stimulate consumption, as consumers will react by either:
a) maximizing value-for-money expenditure: for example by purchasing cheaper formats, either in absolute out-of-pocket terms (ie. switching to cigarette soft packs, which contain the same number of cigarettes as hard packs but are cheaper), or in price/kilo terms (for instance through bigger family packs). Here some "tricks" for maximizing value-for-money.
· Changing pack content: We need to carefully monitor strategies to lower out-of-pocket as consumers get extremely sensible to volumes in a time of crisis, and it could negatively influence brand image. Such strategies can be misunderstood and perceived as a cheat (“less volume for the same price…”). The only way to counteract this is to clearly communicate the price reduction and make sure they are clearly perceived as such, and not as a reduction on quality or volume.
· Maximizing size impression: A very common strategy used for example in the countlines business. Idea is to “stretch” the product so that visually it looks bigger than it was, although i terms of net content product has not changed.
· Promoting bigger formats: Bigger formats or family formats are always understood as more advantageous by consumers (due to lower price/Kg perception)
b) or reducing consumption frequency (for example drinking 1 or 2 coffees per day instead of 3 or 5). Here some "tricks" for reducing consumption frequency.
Dosage systems and individual portions: Packages that allow a dosage system and individual portions can be a good way for consumers to apply a stricter portion control.
Serving sizes: Working on perception of serving sizes or the in-home dosage systems (always taking the nutritional impact into consideration), can be as well a good way to increase consumption and therefore stimulate sales. For instance, if a person decides to eat a bowl of cereal, the size of the bowl may influence how much he or she serves and therefore eats.
Perception of inventory level: Finally, a good way to increase the “number of purchased-units”, will be to increase perception of what the shopper perceives as the normal level of inventory of that food, because usually inventory estimations are based a person’s own common sense. In this direction, Marketers could help shoppers improve the accuracy of their inventory estimations. This could be done by changing the where and how a product is stored, for instance by transparent packaging designs that facilitate monitoring.
On the coming posts I will further tackle other related topics like pricing, promotional strategies, branding, communication, etc.
Posted by Ignacio Molins